Transforming Customary Settlements into Restorative Justice for Traffic Accident Crimes in West Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/kbpy8133Kata Kunci:
customary settlement, criminal procedure, restorative justice, traffic accidents, West KalimantanAbstrak
Traffic accident disputes in West Kalimantan frequently intersect with customary settlement, particularly in Dayak communities that use deliberation, compensation, apology, and social-restoration rituals. This study analyzed the legal position of customary settlement outcomes within Indonesia’s restorative justice framework and formulated a model for transforming them into procedurally valid restorative justice. Normative legal research used statutory, conceptual, case-oriented, and legal pluralism approaches. The study found that customary settlements may satisfy restorative substance but do not automatically create procedural consequences in criminal proceedings. The proposed Customary-to-Restorative Transformation Model consists of seven stages: documentation, legal classification, voluntariness review, restorative-equivalence mapping, formal adoption, institutional authorization, and compliance review. The model differentiates cases eligible for formal restorative termination from cases in which customary outcomes should function only as verified restorative records, thereby preserving customary legitimacy while preventing coercion, double burden, and unlawful case termination.
Unduhan
Referensi
Anugrahni, Bela Ananda, and Toetik Rahayuningsih. “Penyelesaian Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas melalui Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Resort Sanggau Kalimantan Barat.” Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan 12, no. 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.6679/trxpt566.
Al Banna, Sabda Ghaly, and Diana Fitriana. “Dispute Resolution on Overlapping Land Certificate Through Mediation Based on The Regulation of The Minister of Agrarian Affairs And Spatial Planning Number 11 Year 2016.” KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 18, no. 1 (2024): 31–60. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v18i1.2922.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, and Pujiyono. “Causative-Victim Tracing for Integrative Criminal Policy on AI Deepfake Face and Voice Crimes in Indonesia.” KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 20, no. 2 (2026): 518–537. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5666.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Pujiyono, and Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri. “Reconstructing Reliability Standards for Deepfake Detectors as Electronic Evidence in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System.” West Science Law and Human Rights 4, no. 3 (2026): 299–309. https://doi.org/10.58812/wslhr.v4i03.3022.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, and Nur Rahman. “Keping Puzzle Yang Hilang: Menelaah Hak Yang Sirna Terhadap Narapidana.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 52, no. 3 (2022): 674–684. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol52.no3.3367.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Siti Fadila Nuramelia, Muhammad Thufail Ariiq, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Misshouw Meilany Putri, and Dafirly Salsadilla Dosanto. “Causative-Based Integral Policy as a Response to Criminogenic Factors in the Distribution of Subsidized Fuel.” Punggawa Law Review 1, no. 3 (2026): 142–148.
Bonggoibo, Alice Ance, Andi Suriyaman Mustari Pide, Haeranah, Leonito Ribeiro, and Andi Mulyono. “Restorative Justice in Legal Pluralism: A Socio-Legal and Comparative Madhhab Study of Homicide Settlement in Arfak Indigenous Courts.” Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab 8, no. 2 (2026): 280–304. https://doi.org/10.24252/mazahibuna.vi.65061.
Chukwufumnanya, Izu Cynthia, Safrin Salam, Elfrida Ratnawati, Asmah, Ibrahim Kayode Muhammed, and Callistus Odeh. “Transforming Restorative Justice through Customary Legal Traditions in Indonesia’s Criminal Law Reform.” Jurnal Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 8, no. 1 (2026): 18–31. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ahkam.v8i1.4400.
Fitriana, Diana. “Faktor Berhasilnya Mediasi dalam Perkara Perceraian.” Jurnal De Jure Muhammadiyah Cirebon 3, no. 2 (2019): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.32534/jdmc.v3i2.1108.
Fitriana, Diana. “The Influence of Police Actions on the Dynamics of Crime Rates in Society.” LEMKAPI: Journal of Law & Policy Studies 1, no. 1 (2025): 9–14. https://lemkapi.com/index.php/lkp/article/view/5.
Gunawan, Yoga, Bias Lintang Dialog, and Diana Fitriana. “Land Dispute Resolution: Village Deliberation and Consensus to Establish Public Order.” Unifikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 2 (2023): 136–142. https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v10i02.754.
Hafid, Irwan, and Adhi Prasetyo Utomo. “Legal Policy for the Formulation of Implementing Regulations on Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System.” Lex Renaissance 11, no. 1 (2026): 28–51. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol11.iss1.art2.
Helena, Lovita Aprillia, Nur Hakim, and Tubagus Achmad Darodjat. “Reconstruction of Restorative Justice-Based Settlement of Traffic Accident Offences.” Journal Evidence of Law 4, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.59066/jel.v4i1.1058.
Hengki, Musfa. “Legal Pluralism and Restorative Justice in Dispute Resolution under Indonesian Positive Law and Islamic Law.” JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 7, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v7i01.16341.
Indonesian National Police Criminal Information Center. “Jumlah Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Berdasarkan Kepolisian Daerah 2023–2024.” Statistik Kriminal 2024. 2025.
Kabupaten Sanggau. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sanggau Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 tentang Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat.
Kabupaten Sanggau. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sanggau Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyelenggaraan Kelembagaan Adat.
Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2020 Nomor 811.
Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 947.
Kristanto, Wahyu Dwi, Maroni, Erna Dewi, and Ahmad Irzal Fardiansyah. “Restorative Justice Based on Customary Law as an Alternative for Resolving Traffic Accidents in Accordance with the Criminal Code and Law No. 22 of 2009.” Proceedings International Conference on Criminal Law Indonesia 1, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.35912/piccli.v1i1.334.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024 Nomor 241.
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. “Mengenal Pembaruan Keadilan Restoratif di Pengadilan.” October 17, 2024.
Ma’ruf, Deasy Mariana, Hibnu Nugroho, Kuat Puji Prayitno, and Setya Wahyudi. “The Strengthening the Institutionalization of Customary Law in Indonesia’s Judicial System: An Integrative Legal Framework Approach.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan 14, no. 1 (2026): 90–106. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v14i1.1936.
Muttaqi, Nabila Ihza Nur. “The Urgency of Integrating Restorative Justice Provisions into the Draft Criminal Procedure Code as a Form of Justice Reform.” Lex Renaissance 10, no. 1 (2025): 168–196. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol10.iss1.art7.
Nuramelia, Siti Fadila, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Muhammad Abdul Azis, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, and Misshouw Meilany Putri. “Reorientasi Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia dari Pengaturan Parsial Menuju Model Perlindungan Terpadu.” Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial 4, no. 3 (2026): 112–125. https://doi.org/10.51903/j66vnn80.
Oktakinanti, Khofifah Diva, and Anggrita Esthi. “Resolving Traffic Accident Cases: Approaches in East Java Regional Police Jurisdiction.” DE RECHT: Journal of Police and Law Enforcement 2, no. 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.55499/derecht.v2i3.393.
Polda Kalimantan Barat. “Kapolda Kalbar Tegaskan Operasi Patuh Kapuas 2025 Fokus pada Edukasi, Keselamatan, dan Penindakan Tegas.” July 14, 2025.
Pratama, Si Putu Hendra, and Si Ngurah Ardhya. “Keadilan Restoratif Terkait Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas yang Mengakibatkan Korban Meninggal Dunia.” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum 9, no. 2 (2023): 176–184. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v9i2.67648.
Putri, Titoh Kustiah, and Aturkian Laia. “Rekonstruksi Pengaturan Keadilan Restoratif dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 Menuju Sistem Peradilan Berkeadilan.” Muhammadiyah Law Review 10, no. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.24127/mlr.v10i2.5395.
Renggong, Ruslan, Mustawa Nur, Baso Madiong, Dyahauliah Rachma, Ashar Fahri, and Hasnur Alfitra. “Restorative Justice Application on Traffic Accident Cases at the Makassar City Police Resort, Indonesia.” Russian Law Journal 11, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i3.1238.
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 96. Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5025.
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 1. Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6842.
Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 55 Tahun 2025 tentang Tata Cara dan Kriteria Penetapan Hukum yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 197. Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 7152.
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 188. Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 7149.
Rona, Marina, Rachmad Safa’at, Abdul Madjid, and Mohammad Fadli. “Restorative Justice in the Settlement of Traffic Accident Causing Death Toll According to the Perspective of Customary Judiciary in Sanggau District, West Kalimantan.” Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 1 (2020): 139–154. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39351.
Widjajanto, Agus, I Gde Pantja Astawa, and Muhammad Rulyandi. “Decolonising Restorative Justice in Indonesia: A Comparative Study across Customary Law Traditions.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 33, no. 2 (2025): 470–492. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v33i2.40481.
Zurnetti, Aria, and Nani Muliati. “Customary Criminal Law Policy on Domestic Violence Settlement through Restorative Justice.” Cogent Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2022): 2090083. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2090083.
