Restorative Justice in Fatal Traffic Accident Cases after the 2025 Criminal Procedure Code: A Normative Analysis and Model Reconstruction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/77jcct43Kata Kunci:
restorative justice; traffic accident; fatal victim; negligence; 2025 Criminal Procedure CodeAbstrak
Traffic accidents resulting in death (Article 310 paragraph (4) of Law No. 22 of 2009) are often settled through agreements between the driver and the victim’s family. Before 2026, such settlements relied on internal police regulations. Since 2 January 2026, Law No. 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code has regulated restorative justice in Articles 79–88, with conditions, exclusions, and court oversight, while the new Penal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) regulates death caused by negligence in Article 474 paragraph (3). This article maps the regulation of restorative justice in fatal traffic cases, assesses it against legality, legal certainty, justice, and utility, and proposes a reconstruction model. This normative legal research uses statutory, conceptual, and limited comparative approaches and uses no field data. The findings are: (1) the 2025 Code provides a statutory basis, shifting the problem from norm hierarchy under earlier regulations to the interpretation of conditions and exclusions; (2) the six-year penalty in Article 310 paragraph (4) exceeds the five-year ceiling in Article 80 paragraph (1) letter a, whereas Article 474 paragraph (3) of the Penal Code sits exactly at that ceiling, and the reach of the exclusion for “crimes against life” in Article 82 over negligent death remains unclear; and (3) a hybrid model is needed, comprising norm clarity, differentiated levels of negligence, standards for victim recovery, supplementary sanctions, and substantive judicial oversight. Commercialisation and moral hazard are presented as hypotheses requiring empirical testing.
Unduhan
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