Penal Alternatives Without Non-Penal Infrastructure: Reconstructing Integral Criminal Policy in Indonesia’s New Criminal Code
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/9qe06e70Kata Kunci:
Integral Criminal Policy, Non-Custodial Sanctions, Community Supervision, Execution Capacity, Indonesian Criminal Code, Penal ReformAbstrak
This study examined why Indonesia's correctional population failed to decline after Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code entered into force on January 2, 2026, notwithstanding the Code's explicit reorientation of punishment toward resocialization, conflict resolution, and the restoration of social equilibrium. The research applied normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The study found that the integration of the treatment of offenders and the treatment of society was already substantially complete at the formulation stage, so that the persistent deficit lay elsewhere. Three execution discontinuities were identified. The non-custodial alternatives did not reach the narcotics population that constituted the majority of correctional occupants; community supervision capacity remained far below the caseload the alternatives presupposed; and community placement depended on voluntary cooperation agreements rather than any legal obligation. The study concluded that the treatment of society must be reconstructed from a social aspiration into an enforceable institutional precondition, and proposed an execution-capacity model comprising statutory duty, budgetary anchoring, judicial verification, and periodic reporting.
Unduhan
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