No-Fault Compensation for Student Victims of Food Poisoning in the Free Nutritious Meals Program
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/jh717b90Kata Kunci:
no-fault compensation; child victims; food poisoning; public services; Free Nutritious MealsAbstrak
Food-poisoning incidents in Indonesia’s Free Nutritious Meals Program exposed a remedial gap for child victims. This study evaluated the existing liability framework and formulated a no-fault compensation model through statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches. The study found that current regulations govern reporting, medical response, risk control, and sanctions, yet they do not guarantee rapid, uniform, and comprehensive recovery. Civil, consumer-protection, and public-service remedies continue to impose procedural and evidentiary burdens on students and their families. The proposed state-administered fund would be activated by a confirmed or more-probable-than-not epidemiological link to program meals without requiring proof of negligence. Benefits would cover healthcare, transportation, caregiving, educational disruption, psychological recovery, disability, and death. The state could subsequently recover payments from responsible operators. This model separates immediate victim recovery from later fault allocation while preserving food-safety prevention and institutional accountability.
Unduhan
Referensi
Abadi, Muhammad Naufal Putra, Ray Wagiu Basrowi, William Ben Gunawan, Mutiara Putri Arasy, Felasiana Nurjihan, Tonny Sundjaya, Dessy Pratiwi, Hardinsyah Hardinsyah, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, and Fahrul Nurkolis. “Unraveling Future Trends in Free School Lunch and Nutrition: Global Insights for Indonesia from Bibliometric Approach and Critical Review.” Nutrients 17, no. 17 (2025): 2777. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172777.
Alderman, Harold, Donald Bundy, and Aulo Gelli. “School Meals Are Evolving: Has the Evidence Kept Up?” The World Bank Research Observer 39, no. 2 (2024): 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkad012.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Nur Rahman, and Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri. “Between the Future or Just Utopia: A Critical Analysis of the Legal Personhood of Artificial Intelligence on the Claim as a Patent Inventor.” Critical Legal Review 1, no. 5 (2024): 1–25.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, and Pujiyono. “Causative-Victim Tracing for Integrative Criminal Policy on AI Deepfake Face and Voice Crimes in Indonesia.” KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 20, no. 2 (2026): 518–537. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5666.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Pujiyono, and Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri. “Reconstructing Reliability Standards for Deepfake Detectors as Electronic Evidence in Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System.” West Science Law and Human Rights 4, no. 3 (2026): 299–309. https://doi.org/10.58812/wslhr.v4i03.3022.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, and Muhammad Thufail Ariiq. “Governing Traditional Cultural Expressions as Artificial Intelligence Training Data: Reconstructing Communal Consent and Data Transparency in Indonesia.” Societa: Journal of Society and Change 1, no. 1 (2026): 186–199. https://doi.org/10.67964/4gbwhv96.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, and Nur Rahman. “Keping Puzzle Yang Hilang: Menelaah Hak Yang Sirna Terhadap Narapidana.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 52, no. 3 (2022): 674–684. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol52.no3.3367.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, Siti Fadila Nuramelia, Muhammad Thufail Ariiq, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Misshouw Meilany Putri, and Dafirly Salsadilla Dosanto. “Causative-Based Integral Policy as a Response to Criminogenic Factors in the Distribution of Subsidized Fuel.” Punggawa Law Review 1, no. 3 (2026): 142–148.
Badan Gizi Nasional. Keputusan Kepala Badan Gizi Nasional Nomor 401.1 Tahun 2025 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Bantuan Pemerintah untuk Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Tahun Anggaran 2026.
Calabresi, Guido. The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.
Dosanto, Dafirly Salsadilla, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, Muhammad Thufail Ariiq, Siti Fadila Nuramelia, Misshouw Meilany Putri, and Muhammad Abdul Azis. “Tanggung Jawab Hukum Pemerintah Atas Ketimpangan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2026): 258–274. https://doi.org/10.62007/joumi.v4i1.849.
Halabi, Sam, Katherine Ginsbach, Katie Gottschalk, John Monahan, and Judith Murungi. “No-Fault Vaccine Injury Compensation Systems Adopted Pursuant to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Response.” Emory International Law Review 37, no. 1 (2022): 55–111.
Indonesia. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 1990 tentang Pengesahan Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Indonesia. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.
Indonesia. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 86 Tahun 2019 tentang Keamanan Pangan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2026 Nomor 2.
Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 115 Tahun 2025 tentang Tata Kelola Penyelenggaraan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 183.
Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 83 Tahun 2024 tentang Badan Gizi Nasional. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024 Nomor 169.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 61, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4846.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2023 Nomor 105, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6887.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2012 tentang Pangan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 227, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5360.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 112, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5038.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 297, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5606.
Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 42, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 3821.
Kurniawati, Alya Synthia, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Muhammad Thufail Ariiq, and Muhammad Abdul Azis. “Kesenjangan Keadilan Perawatan bagi Perempuan Pekerja Informal di Indonesia: Analisis Gender dan Hukum.” JES: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Sosial 1, no. 4 (2026): 251–257.
Locke, Amy, Michaela James, Hope Jones, Rachel Davies, Francesca Williams, and Sinead Brophy. “Impacts of Global School Feeding Programmes on Children’s Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Scoping Review.” BMJ Open 15, no. 10 (2025): e093244. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093244.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Revised edition. Jakarta: Kencana, 2021.
Mungwira, Randy G., Christine Guillard, Adiela Saldaña, Nobuhiko Okabe, Helen Petousis-Harris, Edinam Agbenu, Lance Rodewald, and Patrick L. F. Zuber. “Global Landscape Analysis of No-Fault Compensation Programmes for Vaccine Injuries: A Review and Survey of Implementing Countries.” PLOS ONE 15, no. 5 (2020): e0233334. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233334.
Nuramelia, Siti Fadila, Riski Ananda Kusuma Putri, Muhammad Abdul Azis, Alya Synthia Kurniawati, and Misshouw Meilany Putri. “Reorientasi Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia dari Pengaturan Parsial Menuju Model Perlindungan Terpadu.” Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial 4, no. 3 (2026): 112–125. https://doi.org/10.51903/j66vnn80.
Pramesthi, Indriya Laras, Luh Ade Ari Wiradnyani, Roselynne Anggraini, Judhiastuty Februhartanty, Wowon Widaryat, Bambang Hadi Waluyo, Agung Tri Wahyunto, Muchtaruddin Mansyur, and Umi Fahmida. “Evaluating the Impact of Indonesia’s National School Feeding Program (ProGAS) on Children’s Nutrition and Learning Environment: A Mixed-Methods Approach.” Nutrients 17, no. 22 (2025): 3575. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223575.
Rahmadani, Aulia Fajrin, et al. “Detecting A School-Based Foodborne Outbreak in Wonogiri 2025.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v7i1.1631.
Rassanjani, Saddam, and Isramatur Rahmi. “Free School Meals Policy: Lessons Learned from Around the World for Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 24, no. 1 (2025): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.24.1.2025.1-28.
Rudita, Laode. “Citizen Compensation for Poor Public Service Delivery: A Civil Rights Perspective.” Brawijaya Law Journal 10, no. 1 (2023): 19–33. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2023.010.01.02.
Surendra, Henry, Arif Sujagat, and Grace Wangge. “Mitigating Food Safety Risks in Indonesia’s Free School Meals Programme.” The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia 46 (2026): 100734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2026.100734.
United Nations. Convention on the Rights of the Child. November 20, 1989.
