The Effectiveness of Chemical Castration Sanctions for Perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Children from a Human Rights Perspective: A Study of Sexual Violence Cases in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/eb57z897Keywords:
chemical castration; child sexual violence; human rights; medical ethics; penal policy, kebiri kimia; kekerasan seksual anak; hak asasi manusia; etika medis; kebijakan pidanaAbstract
Sexual violence against children is an extraordinary crime that led Indonesia to impose chemical castration as an additional sanction under Law No. 17 of 2016 and Government Regulation No. 70 of 2020. This normative juridical study, using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, analyzes chemical castration’s effectiveness in reducing recidivism, its juridical and human rights dimensions, execution obstacles, and an ideal penal policy model. The findings show it has been ineffective as a deterrent because no execution has ever been carried out due to the absence of technical guidelines and the Indonesian Medical Association’s refusal based on professional ethics. From a human rights perspective, forced chemical castration potentially conflicts with Article 28G paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, the ICCPR, and the Convention Against Torture, though it may be justified as a legitimate limitation of rights if applied proportionally. The study recommends reconstructing the policy by restricting it to clinically verified paraphilic offenders through independent clinical assessment, establishing a special forensic medical team, and integrating chemical castration into a double-track system emphasizing rehabilitation and victim recovery.
Downloads
References
Ambarwaty, Dwitya, Lukman Hakim, and Adi Nur Rohman. “Analisis Kritis Penerapan Kebiri Kimia Terhadap Pelaku Kejahatan Seksual Terhadap Anak.” Syntax Idea 6, no. 11 (2024): 6784–87. https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v6i11.10120.
Azis, Muhammad Abdul, and Pujiyono. “Causative-Victim Tracing for Integrative Criminal Policy on AI Deepfake Face and Voice Crimes in Indonesia.” KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 20, no. 2 (2026): 518–537. https://doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v20i2.5666.
Batubara, Sonya Airini, Cindy Cynthia Leoni, Ferry Salim, and Frans Deo Fanny Sinaga. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Hukuman Kebiri Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 70 Tahun 2020.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 1 (2023): 882. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.2804.
Çöpür, Mazlum, and Sidar Çöpür. “Chemical Castration as an Evolving Concept: Is It a Possible Solution for Sexual Offences?” The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology 32, no. 2 (2021): 326–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2020.1849359.
Hariyono, Didi, Slamet Suhartono, and Erny Herlin Setyorini. “Analisis Yuridis Putusan Nomor 69/Pid.Sus/2019/Pn.Mjk Terhadap Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Di Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto.” YAYASAN AKRAB PEKANBARU Jurnal AKRAB JUARA 4, no. 5 (2019).
Irawati, Arista Candra. Policy of Criminal Left in Overcoming the Impact of Criminal Actions of Pedophilia in Indonesia. November 16, 2021.
Kartika, Ari Purwita, Muhammad Lutfi Rizal Farid, and Ihza Rashi Nandira Putri. “Reformulasi Eksekusi Kebiri Kimia Guna Menjamin Kepastian Hukum Bagi Tenaga Medis/Dokter Dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Pedophilia.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art7.
Lee, Joo Yong, and Kang Su Cho. “Chemical Castration for Sexual Offenders: Physicians’ Views.” Journal of Korean Medical Science 28, no. 2 (2013): 171. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.2.171.
Nur Afiah, M. S. Tumanggor, Erwin Owan Hermansyah, and Edi Saputra Hasibuan. “Rekonstruksi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Indonesia Berbasis Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak.” Jurnal Hukum Sasana 11, no. 2 (2025): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v11i2.4428.
Patra, Rommy. “Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional Untuk Bebas Dari Penyiksaan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 3 (2018): 565. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1536.
Prabawati, Firara Dysas, and Sri Wayuningsih Yulianti. “Polemik Eksekusi Pidana Tambahan Kebiri Kimia Atas Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Mojokerto Perkara Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak (Studi Putusan Nomor 69 / Pid.Sus / 2019 / PN. Mjk).” Versetek, 2021.
Purnomo, Arie, Desvika Rizqi Karyma, and Syahrani Kurniati. “Deterrent Effect and Human Rights: A Critical Analysis of Chemical Castration Implementation in Child Protection Law.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 25, no. 3 (2025).
Rahmadania, Vany, Lina Sinaulan, Edi Saputra Hasibuan, and Diana Fitriana. “The Problematics of Restorative Justice in Handling Sexual Violence Crimes Against Adult Victims and Perpetrators Under Law Number 12 of 2022.” Journal Axioma Lexprima 1, no. 2 (2026): 376–398. https://doi.org/10.0805/rhf74y11.
Ramadhan, Firdaus Syamsiar, and Aturkian Laia. “Dilema Penerapan Hukuman Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Di Indonesia.” Jejak Digital: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 2, no. 4 (2026).
Rizal, Sofian Syaiful. “Penjatuhan Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pelaku Kejahatan Seksual Anak Dalam Perspektif HAM.” Legal Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.33650/lsj.v1i1.2023.
Rohmawati. “Legal Reasonings of Religious Court Judges in Deciding the Origin of Children: A Study on the Protection of Biological Children’s Civil Rights.” Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan 21, no. 1 (2021).
Sihotang, Gita Cristin Debora, Edi Warman, Edi Yunara, and Edy Ikhsan. “Penjatuhan Pidana Tambah Kebiri Kimia Terhadap Predator Anak Pada Putusan No.69/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Mjk.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, July 2022, 170–80. https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v1i3.65.
Sujasmin, Sujasmin. “Penerapan Sanksi Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Anak Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia.” JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW 8, no. 1 (2025): 544–58. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i1.11774.
Zahirah, Afifah Almas, Ramlani Lina Sinaulan, and Edi Saputra Hasibuan. “Hak Anak Untuk Mendapatkan Perlindungan Hukum Dari Tindakan Kekerasan Seksual Menurut UU No. 17 Tahun 2016 (Kasus Child Grooming Dalam Game Online).” Journal of Law and Security Studies 2, no. 1 (2025): 123–132. https://doi.org/10.31599/mfswbk14.
