Legal Certainty in Agrarian Conflicts: Resolving Overlapping Mining and Agricultural Permits in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/jvd48b40Keywords:
agrarian conflict, legal certainty, mining permits, overlapping permits, land rights, konflik agraria, kepastian hukum, izin pertambangan, tumpangAbstract
This study examines legal uncertainty caused by overlapping mining permits and community agricultural land in Indonesia. It aims to identify the causes of permit overlaps, assess existing agrarian dispute resolution mechanisms, and formulate an ideal legal policy model. Using normative legal research supported by empirical case studies, the study analyzes relevant legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 5 of 1960, and Law No. 3 of 2020. The findings show that regulatory disharmony allows Mining Business Permits (IUP) to overlap with community-controlled land, leading to the criminalization of farmers defending their rights. Existing litigation, mediation, and criminal proceedings have not provided sufficient legal certainty. The study recommends harmonizing mining and agrarian regulations through integrated spatial data, mandatory land-status verification, and specialized agrarian courts to ensure substantive justice.
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