Corporate Accountability and Legal Certainty in Managing Forest Fires: Evaluating Permit Overlaps and Land Governancein West Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.0805/cdkb2055Keywords:
akuntabilitas korporasi, kepastian hukum, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, tumpang tindih perizinan, penegakan hukum lingkungan, corporate accountability, legal certainty, forest and land fires, overlapping permits, environmental law enforcementAbstract
This article examines the relationship between corporate accountability and legal certainty in managing forest and land fires (karhutla) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It analyzes how regulatory disharmony and overlapping permits between plantation, mining, and community land increase fire vulnerability, evaluates the effectiveness of legal enforcement against corporations, and proposes an ideal legal policy model. Using normative legal research supported by empirical case studies, the study analyzes primary legal materials, including the 1945 Constitution, Agrarian Law, Mining Law, and Environmental Protection Law, as well as court decisions, government reports, and academic literature. The findings show that overlapping permits and weak spatial data integration contribute significantly to fire risks, while administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions against corporations remain inadequately enforced. The study recommends strengthening the One Map Policy, applying strict liability, integrating customary community rights into land governance, and harmonizing regulations to strengthen corporate accountability.
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